Polyelectrolyte multilayer film modification for chemo-mechano-regulation of endothelial cell response

The new multilayer polyelectrolyte films (PEMs) that are able to simulate the structure and functions of the extracellular matrix have become a powerful tool for tailoring biointerfaces of implants. In this study, bioactive PEM coatings have been investigated as a supportive system for efficient endothelialization of cardiovascular implants. The modern films were designed in a manner that allows one to potentially induce specific response from the tissues surrounding the biomaterial due to its chemical composition as well as mechanical properties. The PEM rigidity was regulated by the cross-linking chemistry as well as nanoparticle incorporation, while biochemical modification was performed by the VEGF adsorption within coatings. Obtained results have shown that PEM/VEGF films enhanced in vitro spreading and proliferation of endothelial cells, whereas VEGF presence inhibited IL-6 production and release. Since non-functionalized films also contributed to proliferation of endothelial cells and cytokine secretion, it may be supposed that PEM stiffness acts in synergy with the growth factor, but probably through a different pathway. Results clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed endothelialization strategy and confirm correlation between the chemical and mechanical properties of the PEMs in vitro.